Obesity is a widespread problem in the United States and abroad. Because it is such a common issue, an array of products and diet plans are on the market to address it. Most of these diets and products promise radical weight loss in minimal time, but rapid weight loss, with or without the help of supplements, is extremely dangerous.
Identification
Rapid weight loss is identified as the dropping of weight faster than 2 pounds per week using unhealthy measures. This includes consuming less than 1200 calories per day or engaging in exercise beyond personal normal limits.
Occurrence
Weight loss occurs when the body takes in fewer calories than it burns. Thus, there are two ways to lose weight: by consuming fewer calories or by burning more calories and increasing metabolism. Rapid weight loss only occurs by drastically reducing calories or significantly increasing metabolism by excessively exercising. Methods include fasting, exercising excessively or using laxatives or other medications to clear out the body.
Effects
Rapid weight loss causes several side effects. Attempting to lose more than 1 or 2 pounds per week results in a decrease in metabolism. The body has a natural safeguard against starvation. When an insufficient number of calories is consumed, the body slows the metabolism to conserve the energy and nutrients it needs. Therefore, although fewer calories come in, weight loss slows and completely halts. When normal calorie intake resumes, weight gain occurs. Taking in fewer than 1200 calories on a regular basis leads to a deficiency in nutrients, which leads to immune system dysfunction and increased illness. The body burns muscle instead of fat. Nutrient deficiencies also cause dry skin and hair. This lack of nutrients qualifies as malnutrition, which causes systemic damage when sustained on a long-term basis. This damage may involve the major organs (e.g., heart, kidneys, liver). Severe malnutrition can lead to death.
Considerations
Rapid weight loss is usually temporary and is not actually a reduction in body fat. Many times, the pounds that are dropped quickly are from lost water weight due to dehydration.
Misconceptions
Many people believe that when they have a significant amount of weight to lose, they must lose it quickly. Safe weight loss only occurs with a reasonable diet low in calories combined with a moderate exercise program. These are lifestyle changes, not quick fixes for obesity. Even severely obese individuals face health problems if they drop large amounts of weight too quickly. In reality, the 2 pounds per week that doctors and nutritionists consider healthy adds up to more than 100 pounds per year, which for most people is unnecessary.
Prevention and Solution
To prevent the dangerous side effects of rapid weight loss, aim to lose no more than 2 pounds per week. This is an attainable goal with a healthy diet of 1200 calories or more and a sustainable exercise program. Always aim to make lifestyle changes and avoid fad diets or changes that will not be part of life in 10 years.
Exceptions
Short-term rapid weight loss sometimes occurs in overweight individuals who begin a healthy diet and exercise routine. This rapid weight loss lasts for a few weeks, and then the body begins to shed weight at the normal pace of 1 to 2 pounds per week.
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